What is Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD)?
Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) is a type of skin inflammation caused by an allergic reaction to certain substances that come into direct contact with the skin. It is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction that typically occurs after repeated exposure to an allergen.
Common Triggers for Allergic Contact Dermatitis
ACD can be triggered by a wide range of substances, including:
- Metals (such as nickel, cobalt, and chromium)
- Plants (such as poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac)
- Cosmetics and personal care products (including fragrances, preservatives, and hair dyes)
- Medications (such as topical antibiotics, corticosteroids, and antihistamines)
- Latex
- Chemicals (including solvents, dyes, and pesticides)
- Symptoms of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Symptoms of ACD can vary but often include:
- Itchy, red, and inflamed skin
- Rash or blisters
- Swelling
- Dry, cracked, or scaly skin
- Burning or stinging sensation
Causes of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
ACD occurs when the immune system reacts to a specific allergen upon contact with the skin. Sensitization to the allergen may occur over time, with symptoms developing after subsequent exposures.
Diagnosis of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Diagnosing ACD typically involves a medical history review, physical examination, and patch testing. Patch testing is a specialized diagnostic procedure where small amounts of potential allergens are applied to the skin using adhesive patches. The patches are worn for a specified period, and the skin reaction is assessed by a healthcare provider.
Managing Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Management of eczema involves:
- Avoidance: Identifying and avoiding exposure to known allergens is key to preventing ACD flare-ups. This may involve reading product labels carefully and using alternative products that are free of known allergens.
- Topical Treatments: Over-the-counter or prescription topical corticosteroids, antihistamines, and emollients may help alleviate symptoms and reduce inflammation.
- Oral Medications: In severe cases or when topical treatments are insufficient, oral corticosteroids, antihistamines, or immunosuppressants may be prescribed by a healthcare provider.
- Skin Care: Practicing good skin hygiene, including gentle cleansing and moisturizing, can help maintain skin barrier function and reduce the risk of flare-ups.
- Allergy Education: Educating oneself about potential allergens and learning how to identify and avoid triggers is essential for managing ACD effectively.
Please Note: This informational page is for educational purposes only and should not replace advice from a medical professional. If you suspect you have Allergic Contact Dermatitis or experience symptoms, seek guidance from a qualified healthcare provider or dermatologist.